I've been battling a 2010 --> 2013 migration Installed CU9 on a 2012R2 server. Ran into the "Something went wrong" when connecting to OWA but got that fixed. Check link...
I have a test user on the new 2013 Exchange, I can log into OWA but when I try to send a message I get "You don't have permission to perform this action." But more importantly. I can't even use outlook. It errors "The Server is unavailable."
I've checked the control panel --> mail and it is configured correctly with the new server, I can ping it by name.